{"id":2249,"date":"2019-07-01T11:55:07","date_gmt":"2019-07-01T09:55:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.spark-avocats.com\/expertises-juridiques\/"},"modified":"2025-11-03T16:51:32","modified_gmt":"2025-11-03T15:51:32","slug":"legal-expertise","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.spark-avocats.com\/en\/legal-expertise\/","title":{"rendered":"Legal expertise"},"content":{"rendered":"[vc_row type=&#8221;in_container&#8221; full_screen_row_position=&#8221;middle&#8221; column_margin=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; scene_position=&#8221;center&#8221; top_padding=&#8221;5%&#8221; bottom_padding=&#8221;5%&#8221; text_color=&#8221;dark&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; row_border_radius_applies=&#8221;bg&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; shape_divider_position=&#8221;bottom&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; shape_type=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8221;default&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; desktop_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8221;none&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; column_position=&#8221;default&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; animation_type=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221;][vc_row_inner column_margin=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_position=&#8221;default&#8221; row_position_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; row_position_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; pointer_events=&#8221;all&#8221;][vc_column_inner column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8221;default&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; desktop_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8221;none&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; animation_type=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221;][vc_column_text el_class=&#8221;xmedium&#8221;]Spark supports entrepreneurs, majority or minority shareholders, executive or not, and has extensive experience in constructing partnerships and collaborations, in France and abroad.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8221;default&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; desktop_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8221;none&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; animation_type=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=&#8221;full_width_background&#8221; full_screen_row_position=&#8221;middle&#8221; column_margin=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; scene_position=&#8221;center&#8221; top_padding=&#8221;5%&#8221; bottom_padding=&#8221;5%&#8221; text_color=&#8221;dark&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; row_border_radius_applies=&#8221;bg&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; shape_divider_position=&#8221;bottom&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; shape_type=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8221;default&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; desktop_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8221;none&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; column_position=&#8221;default&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; animation_type=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221;][vc_column_text el_class=&#8221;xmedium&#8221;]Let&#8217;s be pragmatic and precise,[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=&#8221;medium&#8221;]here are some of the practical situations with which we assist our clients:[\/vc_column_text][vc_row_inner equal_height=&#8221;yes&#8221; column_margin=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_position=&#8221;default&#8221; row_position_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; row_position_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; pointer_events=&#8221;all&#8221;][vc_column_inner column_padding=&#8221;padding-3-percent&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8221;default&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; desktop_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8221;none&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; animation_type=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_color=&#8221;#312783&#8243; column_border_style=&#8221;dotted&#8221; enable_border_animation=&#8221;true&#8221; border_animation_delay=&#8221;250&#8243;][heading]\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">M&amp;A &#8211; PRIVATE EQUITY<\/h3>\n[\/heading]<div class=\"nectar-fancy-ul\" data-list-icon=\"icon-salient-thin-line\" data-animation=\"true\" data-animation-delay=\"250\" data-color=\"accent-color\" data-spacing=\"default\" data-alignment=\"left\"> \n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.spark-avocats.com\/en\/legal-expertise\/start-or-take-over-a-business\/\">Take over a company, LBO, MBI, MBO, OBO<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.spark-avocats.com\/en\/?page_id=21449\">Structuring or joining a franchise network<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.spark-avocats.com\/en\/legal-expertise\/financing-acquisition-business\/\">Financing your business or business acquisition<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.spark-avocats.com\/en\/legal-expertise\/sale-of-a-company-subsidiary\/\">Sell a company or a subsidiary<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.spark-avocats.com\/en\/legal-expertise\/partnering-well\/\">Successfully enter into a partnership<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.spark-avocats.com\/en\/legal-expertise\/raising-capital-2\/\">Raise seed or development capital<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.spark-avocats.com\/en\/legal-expertise\/creating-agreement-partnership-business\/\">Develop a partnership agreement<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.spark-avocats.com\/en\/legal-expertise\/business-contract-partner\/\">Contract with a partner in France or abroad<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.spark-avocats.com\/en\/legal-expertise\/managing-a-dispute-litigation\/\">Manage a complex French or foreign dispute<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n <\/div>[\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=&#8221;padding-3-percent&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8221;default&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; desktop_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8221;none&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; animation_type=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;1px&#8221; column_border_color=&#8221;#312783&#8243; column_border_style=&#8221;dotted&#8221; enable_border_animation=&#8221;true&#8221; border_animation_delay=&#8221;450&#8243;][heading]\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">RESTRUCTURING<\/h3>\n[\/heading]<div class=\"nectar-fancy-ul\" data-list-icon=\"icon-salient-thin-line\" data-animation=\"true\" data-animation-delay=\"250\" data-color=\"accent-color\" data-spacing=\"default\" data-alignment=\"left\"> \n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.spark-avocats.com\/en\/legal-expertise\/managing-a-dispute-litigation\/\">Ensure a creditor&#8217;s defense<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.spark-avocats.com\/en\/legal-expertise\/retructuring-preventing-company-problems\/\">Prevent difficulties for your company<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.spark-avocats.com\/en\/legal-expertise\/retructuring-preventing-company-problems\/\">Organise your company&#8217;s turnaround<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.spark-avocats.com\/en\/legal-expertise\/collective-proceedings-receivership-liquidation\/\">Understand winding-up proceedings<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.spark-avocats.com\/en\/legal-expertise\/business-takeover-or-court-ordered-buyout\/\">Execute a court ordered company or business asset buyout<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n <\/div>[\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=&#8221;padding-3-percent&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8221;default&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; desktop_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8221;none&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; animation_type=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;1px&#8221; column_border_color=&#8221;#312783&#8243; column_border_style=&#8221;dotted&#8221; enable_border_animation=&#8221;true&#8221; border_animation_delay=&#8221;650&#8243;][heading]\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">LABOUR LAW<\/h3>\n[\/heading]<div class=\"nectar-fancy-ul\" data-list-icon=\"icon-salient-thin-line\" data-animation=\"true\" data-animation-delay=\"250\" data-color=\"accent-color\" data-spacing=\"default\" data-alignment=\"left\"> \n<ul>\n<li>Draft or modify an employment contract<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.spark-avocats.com\/en\/legal-expertise\/being-supported-tense-working-relationship\/\">Find support in the context of tense working relationships<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.spark-avocats.com\/en\/legal-expertise\/safeguarding-termination\/\">Secure a dismissal (individual, economic, disciplinary, for incapacity)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.spark-avocats.com\/en\/legal-expertise\/dealing-with-a-case-of-harassment-discrimination\/\">Deal with a harrasment or discrimination situation<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.spark-avocats.com\/en\/legal-expertise\/social-audit-acquistion-compliance\/\">Be assisted during a social due diligence or compliance audit<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.spark-avocats.com\/en\/legal-expertise\/setting-up-the-cse\/\">Set up the Social and Economic Committee<\/a><\/li>\n<li><i class=\"icon-default-style icon-salient-thin-line accent-color\"><\/i>Negotiate a company agreement<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"icon-default-style icon-salient-thin-line accent-color\"><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/www.spark-avocats.com\/en\/legal-expertise\/being-supported-in-the-context-of-a-dispute\/\">Find guidance when facing litigation (labour, electoral, social security, criminal labour law)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n <\/div>[\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=&#8221;full_width_background&#8221; full_screen_row_position=&#8221;middle&#8221; column_margin=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; scene_position=&#8221;center&#8221; top_padding=&#8221;5%&#8221; bottom_padding=&#8221;5%&#8221; text_color=&#8221;dark&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; row_border_radius_applies=&#8221;bg&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; shape_divider_position=&#8221;bottom&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; shape_type=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8221;default&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; desktop_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8221;none&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; column_position=&#8221;default&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; animation_type=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221;][vc_row_inner equal_height=&#8221;yes&#8221; column_margin=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_position=&#8221;default&#8221; row_position_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; row_position_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; pointer_events=&#8221;all&#8221;][vc_column_inner column_padding=&#8221;padding-3-percent&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8221;default&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; desktop_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8221;none&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; animation_type=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_color=&#8221;#312783&#8243; column_border_style=&#8221;dotted&#8221; enable_border_animation=&#8221;true&#8221; border_animation_delay=&#8221;250&#8243;][heading]\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">TAX LAW<\/h3>\n[\/heading]<div class=\"nectar-fancy-ul\" data-list-icon=\"icon-salient-thin-line\" data-animation=\"true\" data-animation-delay=\"250\" data-color=\"accent-color\" data-spacing=\"default\" data-alignment=\"left\">  <\/div>[\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner column_margin=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_position=&#8221;default&#8221; row_position_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; row_position_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; pointer_events=&#8221;all&#8221;][vc_column_inner column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8221;default&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; desktop_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8221;none&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; animation_type=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221;]<div class=\"nectar-fancy-ul\" data-list-icon=\"icon-salient-thin-line\" data-animation=\"true\" data-animation-delay=\"50\" data-color=\"accent-color\" data-spacing=\"default\" data-alignment=\"left\"> \n<h6>General Taxation:<\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li>Assessing tax risks and optimizing corporate tax liability<\/li>\n<li>Tax losses management<\/li>\n<li>Optimizing the taxation of income flows<\/li>\n<li>Research and innovation taxation: optimization of the R&amp;D and Innovation Tax Credit (CIR\/CII) calculation base and assistance in drafting technical documentation, in partnership with specialized engineers<\/li>\n<li>Monitoring anti-abuse rules<\/li>\n<li>Monitoring debt at both the domestic and international levels<\/li>\n<li>International tax planning<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h6>Corporate Taxation:<\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li>Tax due diligence (acquisition or vendor due diligence)<\/li>\n<li>Tax structuring of investments or sales of assets<\/li>\n<li>Optimization the tax consequences related to restructurings, acquisitions, or disposals<\/li>\n<li>Tax optimization of share transfers<\/li>\n<li>Taxation of groups<\/li>\n<li>Corporate restructurings<\/li>\n<li>Tax consolidation<\/li>\n<li>Optimization of the group\u2019s tax burden in an international context<\/li>\n<li>Tax rulings and approvals from French tax Authorities<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n <\/div>[\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8221;default&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; desktop_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8221;none&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; animation_type=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221;]<div class=\"nectar-fancy-ul\" data-list-icon=\"icon-salient-thin-line\" data-animation=\"true\" data-animation-delay=\"50\" data-color=\"accent-color\" data-spacing=\"default\" data-alignment=\"left\"> \n<h6>Individual Taxation:<\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li>Management packages and executive support<\/li>\n<li>legacy transfer and family transactions<\/li>\n<li>Business sales and investments<\/li>\n<li>Tax return assistance<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h6>Real Estate Taxation:<\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li>Real estate VAT and registration duties<\/li>\n<li>Structuring and optimization of real estate asset and\/or SPI acquisitions or disposals<\/li>\n<li>Taxation of rent income and capital gains<\/li>\n<li>Local taxes<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h6>Tax Audits and Litigation :<\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li>Assistance for companies and individuals with tax audits at all stages of the administrative procedure<\/li>\n<li>Representation before administrative commissions<\/li>\n<li>Tax reassessment disputes before French and European Courts<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n <\/div>[\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=&#8221;in_container&#8221; full_screen_row_position=&#8221;middle&#8221; column_margin=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; scene_position=&#8221;center&#8221; text_color=&#8221;dark&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; row_border_radius_applies=&#8221;bg&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; disable_element=&#8221;yes&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; shape_divider_position=&#8221;bottom&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; shape_type=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8221;default&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; desktop_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8221;none&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; column_position=&#8221;default&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; animation_type=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221;][vc_row_inner column_margin=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_position=&#8221;default&#8221; row_position_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; row_position_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; pointer_events=&#8221;all&#8221;][vc_column_inner column_padding=&#8221;padding-2-percent&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8221;default&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; desktop_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8221;none&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; animation_type=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221;][nectar_icon icon_family=&#8221;linea&#8221; enable_animation=&#8221;true&#8221; animation_speed=&#8221;fast&#8221; icon_style=&#8221;default&#8221; icon_color_type=&#8221;color_scheme&#8221; icon_color=&#8221;Accent-Color&#8221; icon_padding=&#8221;20px&#8221; pointer_events=&#8221;all&#8221; icon_linea=&#8221;icon-arrows-slim-down&#8221; icon_size=&#8221;50&#8243;]<div class=\"nectar-fancy-ul\" data-list-icon=\"icon-salient-thin-line\" data-animation=\"true\" data-animation-delay=\"0\" data-color=\"accent-color\" data-spacing=\"default\" data-alignment=\"left\"> \n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.spark-avocats.com\/expertises\/creer-ou-reprendre-une-entreprise\/\">Taking over a company, LBO, MBI, MBO, OBO<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/expertises\/ceder-une-entreprise-filiale\/\">Selling a company or a subsidiary<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.spark-avocats.com\/expertises\/bien-vous-associer\/\">Partnering successfully<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/expertises\/lever-des-fonds-2\/\">Raising seed or development capital<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/expertises\/creation-pacte-associe-business\/\">Structuring a shareholders&#8217; agreement<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.spark-avocats.com\/expertises\/contrat-commercial-partenaire\/\">Contracting with a partner in France or abroad<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.spark-avocats.com\/expertises\/contentieux-gestion-litige\/\">Managing a complex French or foreign commercial dispute<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n <\/div>[\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=&#8221;padding-2-percent&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8221;default&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; desktop_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8221;none&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; animation_type=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_color=&#8221;#dd3333&#8243; column_border_style=&#8221;dotted&#8221; enable_border_animation=&#8221;true&#8221; border_animation_delay=&#8221;200&#8243;][nectar_icon icon_family=&#8221;linea&#8221; enable_animation=&#8221;true&#8221; animation_speed=&#8221;fast&#8221; icon_style=&#8221;default&#8221; icon_color_type=&#8221;color_scheme&#8221; icon_color=&#8221;Accent-Color&#8221; icon_padding=&#8221;20px&#8221; pointer_events=&#8221;all&#8221; icon_linea=&#8221;icon-arrows-slim-down&#8221; icon_size=&#8221;50&#8243;]<div class=\"nectar-fancy-ul\" data-list-icon=\"icon-salient-thin-line\" data-animation=\"true\" data-animation-delay=\"0\" data-color=\"accent-color\" data-spacing=\"default\" data-alignment=\"left\"> \n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"\/expertises\/contentieux-gestion-litige\/\">Ensuring a creditor&#8217;s defense <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.spark-avocats.com\/expertises\/restructuring-prevention-entreprise-difficulte\/\">Preventing difficulties for your company<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.spark-avocats.com\/expertises\/restructuring-prevention-entreprise-difficulte\/\">Organising your company&#8217;s turnaround<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/expertises\/procedures-collectives-redressement-liquidation\/\">Understanding a collective proceeding<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.spark-avocats.com\/expertises\/reprendre-une-entreprise-fonds-de-commerce-a-la-barre\/\">Executing a court ordered company or business assets buyout<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n <\/div>[\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=&#8221;padding-2-percent&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8221;default&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; desktop_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8221;none&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; animation_type=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221;][nectar_icon icon_family=&#8221;linea&#8221; enable_animation=&#8221;true&#8221; animation_speed=&#8221;fast&#8221; icon_style=&#8221;default&#8221; icon_color_type=&#8221;color_scheme&#8221; icon_color=&#8221;Accent-Color&#8221; icon_padding=&#8221;20px&#8221; pointer_events=&#8221;all&#8221; icon_linea=&#8221;icon-arrows-slim-down&#8221; icon_size=&#8221;50&#8243;]<div class=\"nectar-fancy-ul\" data-list-icon=\"icon-salient-thin-line\" data-animation=\"true\" data-animation-delay=\"0\" data-color=\"accent-color\" data-spacing=\"default\" data-alignment=\"left\"> \n<ul>\n<li>Validating the drafting or modification of an employment contract<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.spark-avocats.com\/expertises\/etre-accompagne-tension-relation-de-travail\/\">Finding support in in the context of tense working relationships<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.spark-avocats.com\/expertises\/securiser-un-licenciement\/\">Securing a dismissal (individual, economic, disciplinary, for incapacity)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.spark-avocats.com\/expertises\/faire-face-situation-harcelement-discrimination\/\">Dealing with a harrasment or discrimination situation<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.spark-avocats.com\/expertises\/audit-social-acquisition-conformite\/\">Being guided through a social due diligence or compliance audit<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.spark-avocats.com\/expertises\/mettre-en-place-le-cse\">Setting up the &#8220;CSE&#8221; (social and economic committee)<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Negotiating a company agreement<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.spark-avocats.com\/expertises\/etre-accompagne-dans-le-cadre-dun-contentieux\">Being supported in the face of litigation (labour, electoral, social security, criminal labour law)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n <\/div>[\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][divider line_type=&#8221;No Line&#8221; custom_height=&#8221;50&#8243;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=&#8221;full_width_content&#8221; full_screen_row_position=&#8221;middle&#8221; column_margin=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; scene_position=&#8221;center&#8221; text_color=&#8221;dark&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; row_border_radius_applies=&#8221;bg&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; shape_divider_position=&#8221;bottom&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; shape_type=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8221;default&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; desktop_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8221;none&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; column_position=&#8221;default&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; animation_type=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221;][divider line_type=&#8221;Full Width Line&#8221; line_thickness=&#8221;10&#8243; divider_color=&#8221;extra-color-1&#8243; animate=&#8221;yes&#8221; custom_height=&#8221;1&#8243; delay=&#8221;350&#8243;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=&#8221;in_container&#8221; full_screen_row_position=&#8221;middle&#8221; column_margin=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image=&#8221;1369&#8243; bg_position=&#8221;right center&#8221; background_image_loading=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_repeat=&#8221;no-repeat&#8221; scene_position=&#8221;center&#8221; text_color=&#8221;dark&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; row_border_radius_applies=&#8221;bg&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; shape_divider_position=&#8221;bottom&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; shape_type=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8221;default&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; 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row_position_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; row_position_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; pointer_events=&#8221;all&#8221;][vc_column_inner column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8221;default&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; desktop_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8221;none&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; animation_type=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221;][divider line_type=&#8221;No Line&#8221; custom_height=&#8221;50&#8243;][image_with_animation image_url=&#8221;2997&#8243; image_size=&#8221;full&#8221; max_width=&#8221;50%&#8221; max_width_mobile=&#8221;default&#8221; animation_type=&#8221;entrance&#8221; animation=&#8221;Flip In&#8221; animation_easing=&#8221;default&#8221; animation_movement_type=&#8221;transform_y&#8221; hover_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; alignment=&#8221;&#8221; border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; box_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; image_loading=&#8221;default&#8221; img_link=&#8221;\/la-methode-spark\/&#8221;][vc_column_text css_animation=&#8221;fadeInUp&#8221;]A unique, succesfull and true method designed to support you and, above all, to better understand you.[\/vc_column_text][divider line_type=&#8221;No Line&#8221; 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