{"id":2240,"date":"2019-04-11T17:42:31","date_gmt":"2019-04-11T15:42:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.spark-avocats.com\/accueil\/"},"modified":"2025-11-06T17:12:25","modified_gmt":"2025-11-06T16:12:25","slug":"accueil","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.spark-avocats.com\/en\/","title":{"rendered":"Home"},"content":{"rendered":"[vc_row type=&#8221;full_width_background&#8221; full_screen_row_position=&#8221;middle&#8221; column_margin=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; scene_position=&#8221;center&#8221; top_padding=&#8221;5%&#8221; text_color=&#8221;dark&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; row_border_radius_applies=&#8221;bg&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; shape_divider_position=&#8221;bottom&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; shape_type=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8221;default&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; desktop_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8221;none&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; column_position=&#8221;default&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; animation_type=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221;][vc_row_inner column_margin=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_position=&#8221;default&#8221; row_position_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; row_position_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; pointer_events=&#8221;all&#8221;][vc_column_inner column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8221;default&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; desktop_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8221;none&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; animation_type=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;&#8221; el_class=&#8221;xmedium&#8221; text_direction=&#8221;default&#8221;]<span style=\"color: #333399; font-size: 18px;\">Spark Avocats is a <strong style=\"color: #333399;\">business law firm<\/strong> in Paris.<br \/>\nWe assist our clients <strong style=\"color: #333399;\">in corporate law<\/strong> (M&amp;A et Private Equity),<strong style=\"color: #333399;\"> tax law<\/strong>, <strong style=\"color: #333399;\">social and labour law<\/strong> and <strong style=\"color: #333399;\">restructuring<\/strong> with an agile and innovative approach,<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][image_with_animation image_url=&#8221;1411&#8243; image_size=&#8221;full&#8221; max_width=&#8221;100%&#8221; max_width_mobile=&#8221;default&#8221; animation_type=&#8221;entrance&#8221; animation=&#8221;Fade In&#8221; animation_easing=&#8221;default&#8221; animation_movement_type=&#8221;transform_y&#8221; hover_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; alignment=&#8221;&#8221; border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; box_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; image_loading=&#8221;default&#8221;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8221;default&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; desktop_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8221;none&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; animation_type=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221;][divider line_type=&#8221;No Line&#8221; custom_height=&#8221;80&#8243;][vc_column_text el_class=&#8221;xmedium&#8221;]Your business stakes are at the heart of our approach:[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text css=&#8221;&#8221; el_class=&#8221;medium&#8221; text_direction=&#8221;default&#8221;]We are also entrepreneurs and understand them.<br data-start=\"46\" data-end=\"49\" \/>We share with our clients a strong economic culture.<br data-start=\"101\" data-end=\"104\" \/>Our business law lawyers implement a pragmatic approach to law integrating, beyond legal techniques, the human, operational and financial stakes of each situation.[\/vc_column_text][divider line_type=&#8221;No Line&#8221; custom_height=&#8221;40&#8243;][nectar_icon icon_family=&#8221;linea&#8221; enable_animation=&#8221;true&#8221; animation_speed=&#8221;fast&#8221; icon_style=&#8221;default&#8221; icon_color_type=&#8221;color_scheme&#8221; icon_color=&#8221;Accent-Color&#8221; icon_padding=&#8221;0px&#8221; pointer_events=&#8221;all&#8221; icon_linea=&#8221;icon-arrows-slim-down&#8221; icon_size=&#8221;40&#8243;][divider line_type=&#8221;No Line&#8221; custom_height=&#8221;40&#8243;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;&#8221; el_class=&#8221;xmedium&#8221; text_direction=&#8221;default&#8221;]A trust relationship is essential :[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=&#8221;medium&#8221;]Essential to us are goodwill, listening, proximity and accessibilty.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=&#8221;full_width_background&#8221; full_screen_row_position=&#8221;middle&#8221; column_margin=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; scene_position=&#8221;center&#8221; top_padding=&#8221;5%&#8221; bottom_padding=&#8221;5%&#8221; text_color=&#8221;dark&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; row_border_radius_applies=&#8221;bg&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; shape_divider_position=&#8221;bottom&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; shape_type=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8221;default&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; desktop_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8221;none&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; column_position=&#8221;default&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; animation_type=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221;][divider line_type=&#8221;Full Width Line&#8221; line_thickness=&#8221;1&#8243; divider_color=&#8221;accent-color&#8221; animate=&#8221;yes&#8221; custom_height=&#8221;90&#8243; delay=&#8221;300&#8243;][vc_row_inner column_margin=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_position=&#8221;default&#8221; row_position_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; row_position_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; pointer_events=&#8221;all&#8221;][vc_column_inner column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8221;default&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; desktop_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8221;none&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; animation_type=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221;][vc_column_text css_animation=&#8221;fadeIn&#8221; el_class=&#8221;xmedium&#8221;]Our ambition: guiding you now towards tomorrow&#8217;s achievements.[\/vc_column_text][divider line_type=&#8221;No Line&#8221; custom_height=&#8221;50&#8243;][vc_column_text css_animation=&#8221;fadeIn&#8221; el_class=&#8221;medium&#8221;]YOU PLAN OR NEED TO[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8221;default&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; desktop_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8221;none&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; animation_type=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner equal_height=&#8221;yes&#8221; column_margin=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_position=&#8221;default&#8221; row_position_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; row_position_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; pointer_events=&#8221;all&#8221;][vc_column_inner column_padding=&#8221;padding-3-percent&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8221;default&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; desktop_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8221;none&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; animation_type=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_color=&#8221;#312783&#8243; column_border_style=&#8221;dotted&#8221; enable_border_animation=&#8221;true&#8221; border_animation_delay=&#8221;250&#8243;][heading subtitle=&#8221;CORPORATE&#8221;]\n<h2 style=\"font-size: 22px;\">M&amp;A-PRIVATE EQUITY<\/h2>\n[\/heading]<div class=\"nectar-fancy-ul\" data-list-icon=\"icon-salient-thin-line\" data-animation=\"true\" data-animation-delay=\"250\" data-color=\"accent-color\" data-spacing=\"default\" data-alignment=\"left\"> \n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.spark-avocats.com\/en\/legal-expertise\/start-or-take-over-a-business\/\">Take over a company, LBO, MBI, MBO, OBO<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.spark-avocats.com\/en\/legal-expertise\/sale-of-a-company-subsidiary\/\">Sell a company or a subsidiary<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.spark-avocats.com\/en\/legal-expertise\/partnering-well\/\">Partner successfully<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.spark-avocats.com\/en\/legal-expertise\/raising-capital-2\/\">Raise seed or development capital<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.spark-avocats.com\/en\/legal-expertise\/creating-agreement-partnership-business\/\">Develop a partnership agreement<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.spark-avocats.com\/en\/legal-expertise\/business-contract-partner\/\">Contract with a partner in France or abroad<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.spark-avocats.com\/en\/legal-expertise\/managing-a-dispute-litigation\/\">Manage a complex French or foreign dispute<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n <\/div>[\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=&#8221;padding-3-percent&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8221;default&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; desktop_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8221;none&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; animation_type=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;1px&#8221; column_border_color=&#8221;#312783&#8243; column_border_style=&#8221;dotted&#8221; enable_border_animation=&#8221;true&#8221; border_animation_delay=&#8221;450&#8243;][heading subtitle=&#8221;INSOLVENCY LAW&#8221;]\n<h2 style=\"font-size: 22px;\">RESTRUCTURING<\/h2>\n[\/heading]<div class=\"nectar-fancy-ul\" data-list-icon=\"icon-salient-thin-line\" data-animation=\"true\" data-animation-delay=\"250\" data-color=\"accent-color\" data-spacing=\"default\" data-alignment=\"left\"> \n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.spark-avocats.com\/en\/legal-expertise\/managing-a-dispute-litigation\/\">Ensure a creditor&#8217;s defense<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.spark-avocats.com\/en\/legal-expertise\/retructuring-preventing-company-problems\/\">Prevent difficulties for your company<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.spark-avocats.com\/en\/legal-expertise\/retructuring-preventing-company-problems\/\">Organise your company&#8217;s turnaround<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.spark-avocats.com\/en\/legal-expertise\/collective-proceedings-receivership-liquidation\/\">Understand a collective proceeding<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.spark-avocats.com\/en\/legal-expertise\/business-takeover-or-court-ordered-buyout\/\">Execute a court ordered company or business asset buyout<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n <\/div>[\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=&#8221;padding-3-percent&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8221;default&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; desktop_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8221;none&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; animation_type=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;1px&#8221; column_border_color=&#8221;#312783&#8243; column_border_style=&#8221;dotted&#8221; enable_border_animation=&#8221;true&#8221; border_animation_delay=&#8221;650&#8243;][heading subtitle=&#8221;SOCIAL LAW&#8221;]\n<h2 style=\"font-size: 22px;\">LABOR LAW<\/h2>\n[\/heading]<div class=\"nectar-fancy-ul\" data-list-icon=\"icon-salient-thin-line\" data-animation=\"true\" data-animation-delay=\"250\" data-color=\"accent-color\" data-spacing=\"default\" data-alignment=\"left\"> \n<ul>\n<li>Draft or modify of an employment contract<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.spark-avocats.com\/en\/legal-expertise\/being-supported-tense-working-relationship\/\">Find support in the context of tense working relationships<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.spark-avocats.com\/en\/legal-expertise\/safeguarding-termination\/\">Secure a dismissal (individual, economic, disciplinary, for incapacity)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.spark-avocats.com\/en\/legal-expertise\/dealing-with-a-case-of-harassment-discrimination\/\">Deal with a harrasment or discrimination situation<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.spark-avocats.com\/en\/legal-expertise\/social-audit-acquistion-compliance\/\">Be assisted during a social due diligence or compliance audit<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.spark-avocats.com\/en\/legal-expertise\/setting-up-the-cse\/\">Set up the Social and Economic Committee<\/a><\/li>\n<li><i class=\"icon-default-style icon-salient-thin-line accent-color\"><\/i>Negotiate a company agreement<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"icon-default-style icon-salient-thin-line accent-color\"><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/www.spark-avocats.com\/en\/legal-expertise\/being-supported-in-the-context-of-a-dispute\/\">Find guidance when facing litigation (labour, electoral, social security, criminal labour law)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n <\/div>[\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=&#8221;full_width_background&#8221; full_screen_row_position=&#8221;middle&#8221; column_margin=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; scene_position=&#8221;center&#8221; top_padding=&#8221;5%&#8221; bottom_padding=&#8221;5%&#8221; text_color=&#8221;dark&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; row_border_radius_applies=&#8221;bg&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; shape_divider_position=&#8221;bottom&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; shape_type=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8221;default&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; desktop_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8221;none&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; column_position=&#8221;default&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; animation_type=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221;][vc_row_inner equal_height=&#8221;yes&#8221; column_margin=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_position=&#8221;default&#8221; row_position_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; row_position_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; pointer_events=&#8221;all&#8221;][vc_column_inner column_padding=&#8221;padding-3-percent&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8221;default&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; desktop_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8221;none&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; animation_type=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_color=&#8221;#312783&#8243; column_border_style=&#8221;dotted&#8221; enable_border_animation=&#8221;true&#8221; border_animation_delay=&#8221;250&#8243;][heading]\n<h2 style=\"font-size: 22px;\">TAX LAW<\/h2>\n[\/heading][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner column_margin=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_position=&#8221;default&#8221; row_position_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; row_position_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; pointer_events=&#8221;all&#8221;][vc_column_inner column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8221;default&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; desktop_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8221;none&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; animation_type=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221;]<div class=\"nectar-fancy-ul\" data-list-icon=\"icon-salient-thin-line\" data-animation=\"true\" data-animation-delay=\"50\" data-color=\"accent-color\" data-spacing=\"default\" data-alignment=\"left\"> \n<h6>General Taxation:<\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li>Assessing tax risks and optimizing corporate tax liability<\/li>\n<li>Tax losses management<\/li>\n<li>Optimizing the taxation of income flows<\/li>\n<li>Research and innovation taxation: optimization of the R&amp;D and Innovation Tax Credit (CIR\/CII) calculation base and assistance in drafting technical documentation, in partnership with specialized engineers<\/li>\n<li>Monitoring anti-abuse rules<\/li>\n<li>Monitoring debt at both the domestic and international levels<\/li>\n<li>International tax planning<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h6>Corporate Taxation:<\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li>Tax due diligence (acquisition or vendor due diligence)<\/li>\n<li>Tax structuring of investments or sales of assets<\/li>\n<li>Optimization the tax consequences related to restructurings, acquisitions, or disposals<\/li>\n<li>Tax optimization of share transfers<\/li>\n<li>Taxation of groups<\/li>\n<li>Corporate restructurings<\/li>\n<li>Tax consolidation<\/li>\n<li>Optimization of the group\u2019s tax burden in an international context<\/li>\n<li>Tax rulings and approvals from French tax Authorities<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n <\/div>[\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8221;default&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; desktop_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8221;none&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; animation_type=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221;]<div class=\"nectar-fancy-ul\" data-list-icon=\"icon-salient-thin-line\" data-animation=\"true\" data-animation-delay=\"50\" data-color=\"accent-color\" data-spacing=\"default\" data-alignment=\"left\"> \n<h6>Individual Taxation:<\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li>Management packages and executive support<\/li>\n<li>legacy transfer and family transactions<\/li>\n<li>Business sales and investments<\/li>\n<li>Tax return assistance<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h6>Real Estate Taxation:<\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li>Real estate VAT and registration duties<\/li>\n<li>Structuring and optimization of real estate asset and\/or SPI acquisitions or disposals<\/li>\n<li>Taxation of rent income and capital gains<\/li>\n<li>Local taxes<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h6>Tax Audits and Litigation:<\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li>Assistance for companies and individuals with tax audits at all stages of the administrative procedure<\/li>\n<li>Representation before administrative commissions<\/li>\n<li>Tax reassessment disputes before French and European Courts<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n <\/div>[\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=&#8221;full_width_background&#8221; full_screen_row_position=&#8221;middle&#8221; column_margin=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image=&#8221;1171&#8243; bg_position=&#8221;left top&#8221; background_image_loading=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_repeat=&#8221;no-repeat&#8221; scene_position=&#8221;center&#8221; top_padding=&#8221;10%&#8221; bottom_padding=&#8221;10%&#8221; text_color=&#8221;light&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; row_border_radius_applies=&#8221;bg&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; color_overlay=&#8221;#312783&#8243; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.5&#8243; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; shape_divider_position=&#8221;bottom&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; shape_type=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8221;default&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; desktop_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8221;none&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; column_position=&#8221;default&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; animation_type=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221;][vc_row_inner column_margin=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_position=&#8221;default&#8221; row_position_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; row_position_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; pointer_events=&#8221;all&#8221;][vc_column_inner column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8221;default&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; desktop_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8221;none&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; animation_type=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221;][vc_column_text css_animation=&#8221;fadeIn&#8221; css=&#8221;&#8221; el_class=&#8221;xmedium&#8221; text_direction=&#8221;default&#8221;]We assist our clients on all legal and strategic aspects related to the development and operation of their business.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8221;default&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; desktop_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8221;none&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; animation_type=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner column_margin=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_position=&#8221;default&#8221; row_position_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; row_position_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; pointer_events=&#8221;all&#8221;][vc_column_inner column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8221;default&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; desktop_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8221;none&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; animation_type=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8221;default&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; desktop_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8221;none&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; animation_type=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221;][vc_column_text css_animation=&#8221;fadeIn&#8221; el_class=&#8221;medium&#8221;]Areas of expertise[\/vc_column_text]<div class=\"nectar-fancy-ul\" data-list-icon=\"icon-salient-thin-line\" data-animation=\"true\" data-animation-delay=\"250\" data-color=\"accent-color\" data-spacing=\"default\" data-alignment=\"left\"> \n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><a style=\"font-size: 18px; color: #ffffff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.spark-avocats.com\/en\/legal-expertise\/mergers-acquisitions-equity-financing\/\">Mergers and acquisitions, private equity<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><i class=\"icon-default-style icon-salient-thin-line accent-color\"><\/i><a style=\"font-size: 18px; color: #ffffff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.spark-avocats.com\/en\/legal-expertise\/restructuring\/\">Restructuring, winding up proceeding<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><i class=\"icon-default-style icon-salient-thin-line accent-color\"><\/i><a style=\"font-size: 18px; color: #ffffff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.spark-avocats.com\/en\/legal-expertise\/creation-management-company\/\">Company creation and management<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><i class=\"icon-default-style icon-salient-thin-line accent-color\"><\/i><a style=\"font-size: 18px; color: #ffffff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.spark-avocats.com\/en\/legal-expertise\/human-resources-consultancy\/\">Human resources consultancy<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><i class=\"icon-default-style icon-salient-thin-line accent-color\"><\/i><a style=\"font-size: 18px; color: #ffffff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.spark-avocats.com\/en\/legal-expertise\/commercial-contracts\/\">Commercial and contractual relations<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><i class=\"icon-default-style icon-salient-thin-line accent-color\"><\/i><a style=\"font-size: 18px; color: #ffffff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.spark-avocats.com\/en\/legal-expertise\/supporting-governance-corporate\/\">Support for executives<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><a style=\"font-size: 18px; color: #ffffff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.spark-avocats.com\/en\/legal-expertise\/\">Corporate, transactional and individual taxation<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><a style=\"font-size: 18px; color: #ffffff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.spark-avocats.com\/en\/legal-expertise\/\">Assistance with tax inspections<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n <\/div>[\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8221;default&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; desktop_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8221;none&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; animation_type=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=&#8221;full_width_content&#8221; full_screen_row_position=&#8221;middle&#8221; column_margin=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image=&#8221;183&#8243; bg_position=&#8221;center center&#8221; background_image_loading=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_repeat=&#8221;no-repeat&#8221; scene_position=&#8221;center&#8221; text_color=&#8221;light&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; row_border_radius_applies=&#8221;bg&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; enable_gradient=&#8221;true&#8221; color_overlay=&#8221;#000000&#8243; color_overlay_2=&#8221;#312783&#8243; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.8&#8243; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; shape_divider_position=&#8221;bottom&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; 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